EDMOND —
Robert Caro is perhaps best known for his biography of Lyndon Johnson that is contained in four volumes. It tells Johnson’s story from his birth in rural Texas to his ascension to the presidency after the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
But Caro’s skill as a biographer was first demonstrated in 1974 with the publication of “The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York” for which he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. In that work Caro told the story of Robert Moses, who oversaw the construction of 13 highways in New York City and numerous parks throughout the city and the state of New York. Moses, who was known in New York as the “Master Builder,” headed several transportation authorities that received federal highway funds.
While the original plans for the interstate highway system mandated that the highways bypass residential areas, Caro documents how Moses directed that those highways be built through residential neighborhoods despite the protests of the residents in those communities. Moses had little interest in funding public transit and the highways be built allowed middle class New Yorkers to move to the suburbs while continuing to work in the city. Caro also details how that every time Moses opened a highway, the number of cars that traveled on it soon surpassed the numbers predicted, and within several years time the media in the Big Apple would document how the tireless master builder was planning to either expand that roadway or to build another one to handle the increasing number of vehicles that were using it.
It was thought that Moses was responding to the demand for more roadways, but Caro explained that in time some urban planners began to theorize that his highways were making the time cost of driving cheaper, which encouraged more driving, which resulted in more traffic congestion. In “Walkable City” urban planner Jeff Speck recently wrote of what is now known as the “induced demand” that results from roadway construction, and quotes a study that concluded “On average, a 10 percent increase in lane miles induces a 4 percent increase in vehicle miles traveled, which climbs to 10 percent — the entire new capacity — in a few years.”
The theory of induced demand also has been summarized as “if you build it, they will come.” As the title of his book suggests, Speck is committed to making cities pedestrian friendly, and he laments the fact that much urban planning is done by engineers and planners who are committed to maintaining the automobile as the primary means of transportation in their communities. But he is encouraged by communities such as Oklahoma City and Edmond that have constructed bicycling lanes on roads and walking trails. He lists a series of measures that cities can take to encourage more walking in their downtown areas.
The author is also a proponent of mass transit systems that connect cities to their suburbs, and reminds us that at one time every American city with a population of more than 10,000 had a streetcar system in place and that in Los Angeles in 1950 more than a thousand electric trolleys were in operation on a daily basis. He asserts that well-planned mass transit systems have made some American cities, such as Boston, Chicago and San Francisco effectively car optional places. Speck believes that the cities that will prosper in the future are ones that include downtown areas that feature residential units and stores as well as entertainment facilities. It is possible that Oklahoma City will in time become such a place.
WILLIAM F. O’BRIEN is an Oklahoma City attorney.
Opinion
Mass transit can bring a prosperous future
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Oklahomans unite in tragedy; set example for country
Whenever we witness the type of devastation wrought by this week’s killer tornado, we naturally struggle with a host of emotions. Those of us in the neighborhood battle to control our anxieties as we gather the information we can about the storm’s strength, location and direction. We experience dismay when we hear the threat above us has touched down and become a real physical menace to our friends, neighbors and loved ones. When the “all clear” sounds, we are thankful that the nightmare is over. When we realize our loved ones are all safe and sound, we rejoice.
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Spirit of Oklahoma strong in tornadoes
Because we’ve been through so much, we are a people who get perturbed when those on our nation’s coasts look down their noses at us. We are a people who get irritated when others tell us how we should live, or what we should believe. We are a people who cringe when others see our waving wheat fields as only flyover country.
We know that we are not perfect, but we are good, we are compassionate and we are giving. It is this spirit which led the teachers at Briarwood and Plaza Towers Elementary this week to use their bodies to shield students from tornado debris. It was this spirit that enabled law enforcement officers to stand in the way of the oncoming tornado to divert traffic from the storm’s path. It was this spirit that compelled Oklahomans around the globe to rush to the aid of their friends and neighbors. -
Let kids start school on a normal schedule
Q: Our son’s fifth birthday is in August. He did just fine, socially and academically, in preschool, but the counselor at the school he’s slated to attend has recommended that we hold him back a year because of his late birthday. She says that kids with late birthdays, especially boys, do better if they’re given an extra year of maturation before starting school. What do you think?
A: The practice of postponing Kindergarten for so-called “late birthday” children — generally defined as children having birthdays after May — got its start about 20 years ago and has generated the usual unintended consequences. Prime among those is the fact that by delaying the start of school for children having birthdays after May, schools only create a new crop of children with late birthdays — those occurring after January.
It’s true that during early elementary school, boys are less mature in several respects than girls. In general, their attention spans tend to be shorter. Therefore, they’re more impulsive and more easily distracted. It’s also true, however, that some children, boys as well as girls, experience developmental “spurts” during Kindergarten. The slightly immature, impulsive 5-year-old may be at the norm one year later. -
No one realizes how tough Okies really are — until this happens
Like many of you, I’m ending this tragic week emotionally drained. I was either glued to the weather report throughout the first part of the week or — when Su-the-dog and I weren’t settled down inside the storm shelter waiting for the all-clear to sound — I hovered with her about the shelter door leading down to it. Now as the week ends, I just might have changed my mind about a couple of things.
Many of us have been on our knees throughout this week praying that God will strengthen and comfort the state’s numerous tornado victims and their loved ones. Some have already contributed to organizations such as the Red Cross or the Salvation Army to aid this week’s victims of various tornadoes, and those who are able have either donated blood or else they will when the Bloodmobile makes its rounds. -
Seeing yourself as the world sees you
Ever try seeing yourself as others see you, or your piece of the world as others see your piece of the world?
You know, if you could get others to see you, or if you could get other parts of the world to see your part of it?
Narcissism and inferiority, both, can trap us in front of a mirror, admiring or lamenting, pleased or not pleased by the vision we presumably offer others.
Yet, what’s happened over the last three days, since yet another deadly tornado rolled through Moore, offers an entirely different perspective.
Through strength or weakness, we may take an interest in how we project. But when the “Today Show” is broadcast from the rubble and the network evening news has placed its anchor amidst the carnage; and when the news channels descend upon the destruction and every newspaper in the country is playing your and your neighbors’ plight bigger than its own hometown news, it turns surreal. -
ROCK DOC: Japanese find a new source of natural gas
The name “natural gas” might be a puzzle. After all, how could there be such a thing as unnatural gas? The reason we call natural gas what we do has to do with history. There was a day that people made burnable gas by heating coal. The gases that came off the coal were piped around cities where they did things like light street lamps and even power cook stoves in homes.
Coal gas had its down side. For one thing, it often contained carbon monoxide. And it took energy to make the gas, so it never could be truly cheap. -
Witnesses missing; Behenna case could be heard at Supreme Court
The film “Breaker Morant” was nominated for an Oscar for the best screenplay in 1980. It told the story of Harry “Breaker” Morant, an Australian who served in the British Army and was court-martialed for alleged war crimes during the Boer War in Southern Africa in the early years of the last century.
That conflict pitted the British Army against the descendants of the Dutch settlers who had migrated to what is now South Africa in the 17th and 18th centuries. The majority of them were farmers and in their language of Afrikaans were known as “Boers.” -
Don’t leave Oklahoma!
May is graduation season. As I have done every year as lieutenant governor, I have given multiple commencement speeches. Advice flows freely during this time and it usually runs the gamut. What to do, what not to do, how to do ‘x’, be sure not to do ‘y.’ Too often commencement speakers speak in big generalities. So general, the message is frequently lost or forgotten.
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Last-minute funding proposals not in state’s best interest
All indications point to this being the last week of this year’s legislative session. The Legislature will go home a week early. This is good news for Oklahomans as not only will there be cost savings but all Oklahomans should breathe a sigh of relief when the Legislature stops making new laws a week ahead of schedule.
As usual, the Legislature will take a number of important votes during the last week. Some will be forced due to attempts to introduce and pass far-reaching, new policies that should have been introduced much earlier in the year. -
BY THE NUMBERS: Oklahoma still needs to invest in its economy
After six months of stagnation, the Oklahoma economy finally appears to be expanding again albeit still weakly. Unfortunately, our leaders aren’t making the investments we need to give our economic prospects a boost.
Last week the Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services reported that in April state General Revenue fund collections were 5.2 percent above the estimate and 14.7 percent higher than last year’s collections. Under normal circumstances, such a report would indicate that the Oklahoma economy was very strong. But this isn’t a normal circumstance, and April isn’t a normal month. - More Opinion Headlines
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Oklahomans unite in tragedy; set example for country
